Harry S. Truman became the President after the death of FDR in 1945. During his few weeks as Vice President, Harry S. Truman scarcely saw President Roosevelt, and received no briefing on the development of the atomic bomb or the unfolding difficulties with Soviet Russia. Suddenly, the weight of the US, and almost of the entire world, fell upon Truman. He told reporters, "I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me." It was Truman who ordered the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan (although it should be noted that he did in fact plea for a Japanese surrender before doing so). In June 1945 Truman witnessed the signing of the charter of the United Nations. Truman wrote his own 21-point policy to Congress, which later became known as the Fair Deal. Throughout his two terms as president, Trumann had to deal with many foreign relations situations. One example was the Soviet Union’s pressure of Greece and Turkey, and Truman’s response of giving aid to Greece and Turkey, which became known as the Truman Doctrine. The Marshall Plan, named for his Secretary of State, stimulated spectacular economic recovery in war-torn Western Europe. However, Truman’s biggest problem was the Soviets. When the Russians blockaded the western sectors of Berlin in 1948, Truman created a massive airlift to supply Berliners until the Russians backed down. Meanwhile, he was negotiating a military alliance to protect Western nations, known as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which was eventually established in 1949. Truman also had to deal with the beginning of the Korean War in 1950, but attempted to keep the American role in the war limited. Overall, throughout his presidency, Trumann had to deal with the beginning, and part of the heart, of the Cold War with the Soviet Union, often having to deal with the Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin. After his term was up in 1953, Truman decided not to run again.